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dependent on the ISO sensitivity, aperture
setting and zoom head position.
flash sync mode Set in conjunction with
camera settings, flash photos can be taken
in either front curtain or rear curtain sync.
For most flash photos, the default is front
curtain sync. When using front-curtain sync,
the flash fires right after the shutter opens
completely. In rear-curtain sync, the flash
fires just before the shutter begins to close.
Use rear-curtain sync in low light situations
to avoid unnatural looking photos that occur
due to subject movement.
FV lock The FV lock allows you to meter
the subject to obtain the correct flash expo-
sure, then lock the settings by pressing the
FV lock button. You can then recompose the
shot, usually with the subject to one side or
the other, and take the photograph with the
camera not metering for the new composi-
tion, thus retaining the proper flash expo-
sure for the subject.
G-type lenses Nikon G-type lenses differ
from D-type (see D-type lenses) in that they
do not have an aperture ring. G-type lenses
are designed for cameras where aperture is
set by the camera and do not work on older
SLRs.
Group When using wireless flash,
Speedlights can be arranged in groups,
where each group shares the same flash
output setting controlled by the master
flash unit.
Guide number Indicates the amount of
light illuminated from the flash. Each model
Speedlight has its own guide number, indi-
cating the Speedlight’s flash capability based
on its maximum capability. The guide num-
ber is calculated based on an ISO setting,
flash head zoom position, and distance to
the subject.
hot shoe Slot located on the top of the
camera where the Speedlight connects. The
hot shoe is considered “hot” because of its
electronic contacts that allow commu-
nication between the Speedlight and the
camera.
ISO sensitivity The ISO (International
Organization for Standardization) setting on
the camera indicates the light sensitivity set-
ting. Film cameras need to be set to the film
ISO speed being used (such as ISO 100,
200, or 400 film), where digital cameras ISO
setting can be set to any available setting. In
digital cameras, lower ISO settings provide
better quality images with less image noise,
however the lower the ISO setting, the more
exposure time is needed.
i-TTL Nikon latest flash metering system.
This system uses pre-flashes along with
information from the 3D color matrix meter-
ing to determine the proper flash exposure
value.
manual exposure Bypassing the camera’s
internal light meter settings in favor of set-
ting the shutter and aperture manually.
Manual exposure is beneficial in difficult
lighting situations where the camera’s
meter does not provide correct results.
Switching to manual settings could entail a
“trial and error” process until the correct
exposure is reviewed on the digital cameras
LCD after a series of photos are taken. When
using film cameras, there is no capability of
reviewing images after they are taken.
Manual mode Manually setting the flash
output of the Speedlight independently
from the calculated exposure of the camera.
182 Part III ✦ Appendixes
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