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Below are descriptions of typical cutting
procedure to be adopted for specific
situations. However, these should be
assessed each time to calculate whether the
method is most suitable or not, In order to use
a method with the least possible risk.
Trunk on the ground. (Risk of touching the
ground with the chain once the bar has
passed trough the trunk). (fig.5)
Cut from top to bottom through the whole
trunk. Towards the end of the cut, proceed
very carefully to prevent the chain from hitting
the ground. If it is possible, cut 2/3 of the
trunk, roll it over, and cut the remaining third
from top to bottom to limit the risk of the chain
touching the ground.
Trunk supported at one end only (Risk of
trunk breaking during cutting action). (fig.6)
Begin the cut from underneath for about 1/3 of
the diameter, and then finish the cutting action
from the top to meet the undercut.
Trunk supported at both ends. (Risk of
pinching the chain). (fig.7)
Begin the cut from above for about 1/3 of the
diameter, and then continue from underneath
to meet the overcut.
Tree felling.
ATTENTION!: Never attempt to fell a tree if
you do not have the necessary experience,
and in any case never fell trees that have
trunks with a diameter larger than the length
of the bar! This operation is reserved for
expert machine users with adequate
equipment.
When felling a tree, the aim is to have the tree
fall in the most convenient position for the
following limbing and bucking operations.
(Avoid trees falling on top of other trees:
Felling trees that are entangled with other
trees is a very dangerous operation).
First of all decide which is the best direction
for the tree to fall by evaluating the following:
objects or other plants around the tree, the
inclination, the curve, wind direction, and
greatest branch concentration. Take into
account dead or broken branches that may
break off during felling creating a further
danger risk.
ATTENTION! During tree felling operations in
critical conditions, always remove ear
protection immediately after cutting operations
to be able to listen for unusual noises and any
warning signals.
Preliminary cutting operations and
identifying the retreat path.
Eliminate any branches that interfere with the
job (fig.8), starting from top to bottom, and
then, always keeping the trunk between the
user and the machine eliminate the more
difficult branches afterwards, piece by piece.
Eliminate all plants that interfere with work
operations and control the area for possible
obstacles (rocks, roots, ditches,etc.) when
planning the retreat path (to follow during tree
fall); Refer to the illustration (fig.9) for the
directions to be maintained (A. predicted tree
fall direction. B. Retreat path. C. Danger
zone).
FELLING CUTS (fig.10)
In order to ensure that the user has complete
control over the tree fall, the cutting
instructions are as follows:
The cut that controls the fall direction of the
tree is to be executed first: First of all cut the
UPPER PART of the directional notch on the
side the tree must fall. Remain on the right
hand side of the tree and cut using the chain
pull method; then cut the LOWER PART that
must meet the end of the upper part. The
depth of the directional notch must be
1/
4
of the
trunk diameter, with an angle of at least 45°
between upper and lower cut. The meeting
point between the two sides of the notch is
called “directional cut line” This line must be
perfectly horizontal at right angles (90°) to the
felling direction.
The felling cut that provokes the tree fall, is
performed at 3 to 5cm above the lower part of
the directional felling cut line, finishing at a
distance of 1/10 of the trunk from the notch.
Remain on the left hand side of the tree and
cut using the chain pulling method and the
spiked bumper. Check that the tree does not
move in a direction other than that predicted
for the fall. As soon as possible insert a felling
lever or wedge into the cut. The uncut part of
the trunk is called the “hinge”, as it is intended
to guide the tree as it falls; in cases where the
cuts are not sufficient, not straight, or have
been cut through completely, the tree fall
cannot be controlled (extremely dangerous!).
For this reason the various cuts must be
performed with great precision.
When cutting operations are completed the
tree will begin to fall. Where necessary help
tree fall using wedges or felling levers.
Limbing
Once the tree has been felled, the trunk must
be limbed: in other words, the branches are
removed from the trunk. Do not
underestimate this operation because the
large majority of kickback accidents occur
during this stage. For this reason pay close
attention to the position of the bar nose during
cutting operations and always work on the left
hand side of the trunk.
ENGLISH - 9