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36 • Astronomy Basics
Latitude Scales
The easiest way to polar align a telescope is with a latitude scale. Unlike
other methods that require you to find the celestial pole by identifying certain
stars near it, this method works off of a known constant to determine how high
the polar axis should be pointed. The latitude range varies depending upon the
telescope you own. The range for the CG-4 and CG-5 and is 40°.
The constant, mentioned above, is a relationship between your latitude and the
angular distance the celestial pole is above the northern (or southern) horizon.
The angular distance from the northern horizon to the north celestial pole is
always equal to your latitude. To illustrate this, imagine that you are standing
on the north pole, latitude +90°. The north celestial pole, which has a declina-
tion of +90°, would be directly overhead (i.e., 90 above the horizon). Now let’s
say that you move one degree south. Your latitude is now +89° and the
celestial pole is no longer directly overhead. It has moved one degree closer
toward the northern horizon. This means the pole is now 89° above the
northern horizon. If you move one degree further south, the same thing
happens again. As you can see from this example, the distance from the
northern horizon to the celestial pole is always equal to your latitude.
If you are observing from Los Angeles, which has a latitude of 34°, then the
celestial pole would be 34° above the northern horizon. All a latitude scale
does then is to point the polar axis of the telescope at the right elevation above
the northern (or southern) horizon. To align your telescope:
1. Point your telescope due north. Use a landmark that you know faces
north.
2. Level the tripod by raising or lowering the legs as needed. There is a
bubble level built into the CG-5 mount for this purpose.
3. Adjust the telescope mount in altitude until the latitude indicator points to
your latitude.
This method can be done in daylight, thus eliminating the need to fumble
around in the dark. Although this method does NOT put you directly on the
pole, it will limit the number of corrections needed when tracking an object. It
will also be accurate enough for short exposure prime focus planetary photog-
raphy (a couple of seconds) and short exposure piggyback astrophotography.