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Figure 5. Installation Example of Cable Clamp
NOTE: MAXIMUM SYSTEM VOLTAGE 600VDC.
KD series modules and most PV system components have a maximum
system voltage rating of 600 volts DC. Some grid-tie systems operate
at or near this voltage rating. Like other polycrystalline solar modules,
the open circuit voltage of the KD series module increases as the
ambient temperature decreases. Maximum System voltage is
computed as the sum of the open-circuit voltage of the
series-connected PV modules for the lowest expected ambient
temperature. Refer to the National Electrical Code Article 690-7(a) for
determining the maximum number of KD series modules that can be
placed
in series. Temperature coefficients, specific to the module of
use, can be used to provide the most accurate prediction of module
voltage under temperature extremes.
NOTE: Install the maximum number of series connection for the KD
series PV modules so that the system voltage is less than 600V.
NOTE: In normal conditions, PV modules may produce bigger current
and/or voltage than reported in the standard test conditions. Therefore,
when voltage evaluations for components, capacity of conductors, size
of fuses, and size of control systems connected to the module output
are determined, multiply the values of short- circuit current (Isc) and
open-circuit voltage (Voc) that are marked in KD series modules by the
factor of 1.25. Refer to Section 690-8 of the National Electrical Code for
an additional multiplying factor of 1.25 which may also be applicable.
9. GROUNDING
Before installation, contact the local code authorities to determine the
necessary grounding requirements. Attach all PV module frames to an
earth ground in accordance with the National Electric Code (NEC)
Article 250. Proper grounding is achieved by connecting PV module
frames and all metallic structural members contiguously to one another
using a suitable grounding conductor. The grounding conductor shall
be of copper, copper alloy or another material suitable for use as an
electrical conductor per NEC. The grounding conductor must then
make a connection to earth using a suitable earth grounding electrode.
Ensure positive electrical contact through the anodizing on PV module
frame extrusion by utilizing one of the following methods. Attach the
grounding conductor:
(1)to one of the 9mm (0.35”) diameter holes marked “ground” using
5/16” stainless steel hardware. Wrap conductor around bolt. Tighten
the screws with adequate torque (usually 132 in-lb). Avoid direct
contact of copper ground conductor to aluminum frame.
(2)to a ground lug (manufacture : ILSCO, model : GBL-4DBT). Tighten
the screws with adequate torque (usually 62 in-lb). Use #10-32
stainless steel hardware to attach the lug to the module frame by the
torque of 40 in-lb. A stainless steel star washer,
positioned between the lug and the anodized surface of the frame,
must be employed to break through the anodized layer of the frame
extrusion and electrically connect the ground lug to the conducting
aluminum frame material.
As a general rule, avoid direct contact of copper or copper alloyed
ground conductors with the aluminum module frame.
All ground bond securing hardware in contact with either the aluminum
module frame and/ or copper or copper alloy ground conductors must
be stainless steel.
Figure 6. Installation Example of Grounding
10. BLOCKING DIODES
In systems utilizing a battery, blocking diodes are typically placed
between the battery and PV module output to prevent battery from
discharging at night. Kyocera PV modules are made of polycrystalline
cells with high electrical “back flow” resistance to nighttime battery
discharging. As a result, Kyocera PV modules do not contain a
blocking diode when shipped from the factory. Most PV charge
regulators and inverter incorporate nighttime disconnect feature,
however.
11. BYPASS DIODES
Partial shading of an individual module in a source circuit string (i.e. two
or more modules connected in series) can cause a reverse voltage
across the shaded cells within the module. Module output current is
then forced through the shaded area by the remaining illuminated cells
and other PV modules in series with the partially shaded module(s).
The current forced through the shaded cells within PV module (or
modules) causes additional module heating and severe loss of power.
The purpose of bypass diodes is to provide a low-resistance current
path around the shaded cells, thereby minimizing PV module heating
and array current losses.
PV modules employ bypass diodes that have:
・ Rated Average Forward Current [I
F(AV)
] Above maximum system
current at highest PV module operating temperature.
・ Rated Repetitive Peak Reverse Voltage [V
RRM
] Above maximum
system voltage at lowest PV module operating temperature.
12. MAINTENANCE
Kyocera PV modules are designed for long life and require very little
maintenance. Under most weather conditions, normal rainfall is
sufficient to keep the module glass surface clean. If dirt build-up
becomes excessive, clean the glass surface only with a soft cloth using
mild detergent and water. USE CAUTION WHEN CLEANING THE
BACK SURFACE OF PV MODULE TO AVOID PENETRATING THE
BACK SHEET. PV modules that are mounted flat (0°tilt angle) should
be cleaned more often, as they will not "self clean" as effectively as
modules mounted at a 15°tilt or greater. Once a year, check the
tightness of terminal screws and the general condition of the wiring.
Also, check to be sure that mounting hardware is tight. Loose
connections may result in a damaged PV module or array.
13. SPECIFICATIONS
Under certain conditions, a photovoltaic module may produce more
voltage and current than reported at Standard Test Conditions (STC).
Refer to Section 690 of the National Electrical Code for guidance in
series string sizing and choosing overcurrent protection.
Table.2 Kyocera KD Series Module Specification
Electrical Characteristics : @ STC
Model Type KD135SX-UPU KD140SX-UPU
Rated Power, Watts (Pmax) (W) 135 ±5% 140 ±5%
Open Circuit Voltage (Voc) (V) 22.1 22.1
Short Circuit Current (Isc) (A) 8.37 8.68
Voltage at Load (Vpm) (V) 17.7 17.7
Current at Load (Ipm) (A) 7.63 7.91
Maximum System Voltage 600 600
Recommended maximum number of PV
modules connected in series
21 21
Factory installed Bypass Diode (Qty) 8 8
Series Fuse Rating (A) 15 15
Thermal Characteristics :
Temp. Coefficient of Voc (V / ℃) -0.80x10
-1
-0.80x10
-1
Temp. Coefficient of Isc (A / ℃)
5.02x10
-3
5.21x10
-3
Temp. Coefficient of Vpm (V / ℃) -9.20x10
-2
-9.22x10
-2
Physical Characteristics :
Length, Inches (mm) 59.1 (1500)
Width, Inches (mm) 26.3 (668)
Depth (frame), Inches (mm) 1.81 (46)
Depth (including j-box), Inches (mm)
-
Weight Pounds (kg) 27.6 (12.5)
Mounting Hole Diameter, Inches (mm) 0.35 (9) Qty-4pcs
Grounding Hole Diameter, Inches (mm) 0.35 (9) Qty-4pcs
Application Class Class A
NOTES
(1) Standard Test Conditions of irradiance of 1000 W/m
2
,
spectrum of air mass 1.5, and cell temperature of 25 deg C.
(2) See module drawing for mounting and grounding hole
locations.
(3) Tolerance of Voc and Isc is +/-10%.
Nut
Spring washer
Flat washer
Ground conductor
Cup washer
Star washer
Aluminum frame
Flat washer
Bolt
Nut
Spring washer
Flat washer
Ground conductor
Cup washer
Star washer
Aluminum frame
Flat washer
Bolt
Nut
Spring washer
Flat washer
Star washer
Ground lug
Bolt
Aluminum
frame
Nut
Spring washer
Flat washer
Star washer
Ground lug
Bolt
Aluminum
frame